The various operations are performed in a lathe machine such as follows.
1. Straight Turning
The workpiece is turned straight when it is made to rotate about the lathe axis and the tool is fed parallel to the lathe axis. The straight turning produces a cylindrical surface by removing excess metal from the workpiece. It is also known as plain, parallel, or cylindrical turning.Â
It is of two types which are as follows.
(i) Rough Turning
Rough turning consists of the low cutting speed and high depth of the cut and feed. This uses a high-strength cutting tool corresponding to the hardness of a workpiece. This process is used for cutting only and not for finishing.
(ii) Finishing Turning
Finishing turning is always used after the rough turning. To round off the point of a cutting edge of the workpiece before finishing turning. In the finishing turning, the cutting speed should be high and the feed should be low. The depth of a cut should be low.Â
2. Step Turning
Step turning is the process of turning the different surface’s diameter. The workpiece is held between centers and the tool is moved parallel to the axis of the lathe. It is also called shoulder turning. The cutting point of many diameters is known as the shoulder. The shoulders are of many types such as follows
(i) Square Shoulder
In a female fitting, when a shaft is fixed face to face with a shoulder, then need to create a square shoulder. In the square shoulder, the connecting point is placed at the sharp right angle.
(ii) Filleted Shoulder
In the filleted shoulder, the cutting edge tool is connected at the shaft in a semicircular face as in the following figure. In this shoulder, the connecting point is not placed at the sharp right angle. It is used for making the free step.
(iii) Bevelled ShoulderÂ
It conducted the cutting angles of 30° to 60°.